Kunze kwekunge iwe uri wenguva dzose wekuchengeta vana bhurogi kana chinyorwa chinyorwa, iwe zvechokwadi hauzive nhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwemapaki evaraidzo munyika.
Mune mamwe mazwi, iwe unofanirwa kutsigira matanho ekuchengetedza akadai sekudzikisa chimiro chemidziyo, kuisa macushion ekuputira, uye kuderedza mukana wekuti vana vadonha kubva munzvimbo dzakakwirira mupaki yekunakidzwa yazvino.Zvisinei, vamwe vanhu vanonetseka kuti paki yokuvaraidza yakachengeteka yakadaro ichaita kuti vana vanzwe kufinhwa.
Aya magakava pamusoro pekuchengetedza uye maitiro ayo anoita seakakosha kuti aenderane nenguva, asi kutaura zvazviri, hapana nharo itsva.Nekuti nyaya idzi dzakakakavadzana kweinenge zana, ngatitarisei nhoroondo yebudiriro yepaki yekunakidzwa nenyaya idzi.
1859: Park Amusement Park muManchester, England
Pfungwa yekurega vana vachikudziridza kugona kwavo kugarisana uye kufunga kuburikidza nenhandare yekutamba yakatanga kubva panzvimbo yekutamba yakabatanidzwa nezvikoro zvesekondari zveGerman.Zvisinei, kutaura zvazviri, nzvimbo yokutanga yokuitira vanhu uye yakasununguka kupinda yaiva mupaki yeManchester, England muna 1859. Nokufamba kwenguva, nhandare yacho yaionekwa senzvimbo yevoruzhinji uye yakatanga kuvakwa mune dzimwe nyika pasi pose. .
1887: Paki yekutanga yekunakidzwa muUnited States - Golden Gate Park Amusement Park muSan Francisco.
Panguva iyoyo, uku kwaiva kutamira kunopayona muUnited States.Mapaki ekuvaraidza aisanganisira maswinji, masiraidhi, uye kunyange ngoro dzembudzi (zvakafanana nengoro dzemombe; ngoro dzinodhonzwa nembudzi).Inonyanya kufarirwa uye yakakurumbira yaive ye merry go round, iyo yese yakavakwa ne "Doric poles" (iyi merry go round yakatsiviwa nemapuranga merry go round muna 1912).The merry go round yaive nemukurumbira zvekuti World Expo yakaitirwa muNew York muna 1939 yakabudirira zvikuru.
1898: Paki Yekunakidzwa Yekuponesa Mweya
John Dewey (muzivi weAmerica ane mukurumbira, mudzidzisi uye nyanzvi yepfungwa) akati: Kutamba kwakakosha kuvana sezvinoita basa.Masangano akaita seOutdoor Recreation League anotarisira kuti vana vari munzvimbo dzine urombo vanogonawo kupinda munhandare.Vakapa masiraidhi nemasaha kunzvimbo dzine urombo, uye vakatotumira nyanzvi kuti dzitungamirire vana nzira yokushandisa nayo michina yevaraidzo zvisina ngozi.Rega vana varombo vanakidzwe nekunakidzwa kwekutamba, uye vabatsire kukura nekukudziridza hutano.
1903: Hurumende yakavaka paki yekuvaraidza
Guta reNew York rakavaka paki yekutanga yekunakidzwa - Seward Park Amusement Park, ine masiraidhi uye jecha gomba uye zvimwe zvevaraidzo.
1907: Paki Yekunakidzwa Inoenda Munyika Yose (USA)
Muhurukuro, Mutungamiri Theodore Roosevelt vakasimbisa kukosha kwenzvimbo dzekutamba dzevana:
Migwagwa yemuguta haigone kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nevana.Nekuda kwekuvhurika kwemigwagwa, mizhinji yemitambo inonakidza ichatyora mitemo nemirairo.Mukuwedzera, zhizha rinopisa uye nzvimbo dzomumaguta dzine vanhu vakawanda dzinowanzova nzvimbo umo vanhu vanogona kudzidza kuita utsotsi.Imba yekuseri kwemhuri inonyanya kushongedza turf, iyo inogona kungozadzisa zvinodiwa nevana vadiki.Vana vakura vanoda kutamba mitambo inonakidza uye inonakidza, uye mitambo iyi inoda nzvimbo dzakanangana - mapaki ekuvaraidza.Nekuti mitambo yakakosha kuvana sechikoro, nhandare dzinofanirwa kufarirwa sezvikoro, kuitira kuti mwana wese awane mukana wekutamba mairi.
1912: Kutanga kwedambudziko rekuchengetedza nzvimbo yekutamba
New York ndiro raive guta rekutanga kupa pamberi pekuvakwa kwemapaki evaraidzo uye kutonga kushanda kwemapaki evaraidzo.Panguva iyoyo, kwaive nemapaki ezvivaraidzo angasvika makumi mana muNew York City, kunyanya muManhattan neBrooklyn (Manhattan yaive ne30).Aya mapaki evaraidzo ane masiraidhi, seesaw, swings, basketball stands, nezvimwe, izvo zvinogona kutambwa nevakuru nevana.Panguva iyoyo, pakanga pasina bhuku remirayiridzo pamusoro pekotsekano yepaka yokuvaraidza.
McDonald's muma1960s: paki yekunakidzwa yekutengeserana
Muma1960, nzvimbo yekutamba yevana yakava chirongwa chekudyara chakakurumbira.Nzvimbo yekutamba haigone kuita mari chete, asiwo kutyaira maindasitiri akapoteredza.Vanhu vazhinji vanopomerawo McDonald's nekuti yakavhura mapaki akawanda evaraidzo mumaresitorendi ayo (anenge 8000 kubva muna 2012), izvo zvinogona kuita kuti vana vapindwe muropa nazvo.
1965: Kuparara kwenzvimbo yekutamba yekuona
Imwe paki yekuvaraidza ine dhizaini yakasarudzika yakarohwa - Guta reNew York rakaramba nzvimbo yeAdele Levy Memorial Amusement Park yakagadzirwa naIsamu Noguchi naLouis Kahn.
Adele Levy Memorial Amusement Park muRiverside Park, New York City, iri zvakare chikamu chekupedzisira chebasa munhandare yekutamba yakagadzirwa naNoguchi, iyo yakapedzwa pamwe chete naLouis Kahn.Chitarisiko chayo chamutsa vanhu kuti vafunge zvakare chimiro chenhandare yekutamba.Chimiro chayo chakakodzera vana vezera rose, uye izere nehunyanzvi hwemamiriro ekunze: yakanaka uye yakasununguka, asi zvinosuruvarisa haina kuitika.
1980: 1980s: kutongerwa kwehurumende uye hutungamiri hwehurumende
Muma1980, nemhaka yokuti vabereki nevana vaiwanzova netsaona munhandare yekutamba, mhosva dzakapfuurira.Kuti ugadzirise dambudziko iri riri kuramba richikura, kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri kunoda kutevedzera Public Amusement Park Safety Manual (yekutanga edition yebhuku rakabudiswa muna 1981) rakagadzirwa neConsumer Commodity Safety Protection Commission.Chikamu che "Introduction" chebhuku chinoti:
"Nzvimbo yako yekutamba yakachengeteka here? Gore negore vana vanodarika 200 000 vanopinda muwadhi yeICU nekuda kwetsaona munzvimbo dzekutamba. Vazhinji vacho zvinokonzerwa nekudonha kubva panzvimbo yakakwirira. Kushandisa bhuku rino kunogona kukubatsira kuona kuti magadzirirwo enzvimbo yekutamba uye midziyo yemutambo ine njodzi dzinogona kuitika"
Iri bhuku rakanyatsotsanangurwa, sekusarudzwa kwesaiti yepaki yekunakidzwa, zvigadzirwa, zvimiro, zvakatemwa, nezvimwe zvemidziyo inoshandiswa mupaki yekunakidzwa.Iri ndiro bhuku rekutanga rakakosha rekuraira kumisa dhizaini yemapaki ekuvaraidza.
Muna 2000, mana anoti: California, Michigan, New Jersey neTexas zvakapasa mutemo we "Amusement Park Design", uyo une chinangwa chekuona kuti mapaki evaraidzo akachengeteka.
2005: "Hapana Kumhanya" Paki yekunakidzwa
Zvikoro muBroward County, Florida, zvakaisa zviratidzo zve "No Running" mupaki yekunakidzwa, izvo zvaita kuti vanhu vafunge kana paki yekuvaraidza "yakachengeteka".
2011: "Flash Playground"
MuNew York, paki yekuvaraidza yakawanda kana zvishoma inodzokera kunzvimbo yekutanga.Kare vana vaitamba mumigwagwa.Hurumende yeNew York City yakaona chimiro chakafanana ne "flash shop" yakakurumbira uye yakavhura "flash playground" munharaunda dzisina kuchengetedzwa: pazvinenge zvakakodzera, vhara chikamu chemugwagwa sepaka yekuvaraidza, ita zvimwe zvemitambo, uye ronga zvimwe. varairidzi kana vatambi kuti vabatane neveruzhinji.
New York yakagutsikana zvikuru nemhedzisiro yechiyero ichi, saka vakavhura gumi nemaviri "flash sports fields" muzhizha ra2011, uye vakatsvaga vamwe nyanzvi kuti vadzidzise vagari kudzidzira yoga, rugby, nezvimwe.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-22-2022